extract substring – C

#include <stdio.h>

char *substring(size_t start, size_t stop, const char *src, char *dst, size_t size)
{
   int count = stop - start;
   if ( count >= --size )
   {
      count = size;
   }
   sprintf(dst, "%.*s", count, src + start);
   return dst;
}

int main()
{
   static const char text[] = "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.";
   char a[10], b[5];
   printf("substring = \"%s\"\n", substring(4, 13, text, a, sizeof a));
   printf("substring = \"%s\"\n", substring(4, 13, text, b, sizeof b));
   return 0;
}

/* my output
substring = "quick bro"
substring = "quic"
*/

http://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/programming-9/extract-substring-from-string-in-c-432620/

C input line argc and argv

Sometimes it is useful to pass information into a program when you run it.

Generally, you pass information into the main( ) function via command line arguments.

A command line argument is the information that follows the program’s name on the command line of the operating system.

For example, when you compile a program, you might type something like the following after the command prompt:

at windows

> program_name

at linux

./program_name

where program_name is a command line argument that specifies the name of the program you wish to compile.

There are two special built-in arguments, argv and argc, that are used to receive command line arguments.

The argc parameter holds the number of arguments on the command line and is an integer. It is always at least 1 because the name of the program qualifies as the first argument.

The argv parameter is a pointer to an array of character pointers. Each element in this array points to a command line argument. All command line arguments are strings

any numbers will have to be converted by the program into the proper internal format.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
 if(argc!=2) {
  printf("You forgot to type your name.\n");
  exit(1);
 }
 printf("Hello %s\n", argv[1]);
 return 0;
}

next code, write countdown

/* Countdown program. */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <string.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    int disp, count;
    
    if(argc<2) {
        printf("You must enter the length of the count\n");
        printf("on the command line. Try again.\n");
        exit(1);
    }
    
    if(argc==3 && !strcmp(argv[2], "display")) disp = 1;
    else disp = 0;
    
    for(count=atoi(argv[1]); count; --count){
        if(disp) printf("%d\n", count);
        putchar('\a'); /* this will ring the bell */
    }
    printf("Done\n");
    return 0;
}

POST and GET method WEB PHP

in website,  method to sending variable is divide two

first GET, if you looking the url bar like http://somedomain.com/index.php?value=given

value=given is the variable which sending with method get, we can read it trough

second POST, you cannot see the value without some technique or tools

PHP know all this method and divide they two with method $_GET and $_POST to handle the value

notice this:

when you send value with method GET you must use $_GET method to get the value, and same with POST

in some case, you have build some function with method GET or POST (but not both) to get value, and forward it to algorithm, if you work the method with structural programming, you design the function can use / work with other module or function or class, sometimes you need to switch method from GET to POST or otherwise

solution:

you build some method to doing two method getting variable,

Algorithm: use first method, check it, if not set, use second method

function notEmpty($str='id', $d){
    if(!isset($id)) $id = $_GET[$str];
    if(empty($id)) $id = $_POST[$str];    
    if(empty($id)){
        if(empty($d) && !isset($d))
            die("empty value $str, stop the operation");
        else
            return $d;
    } else return $id;
}

this is like open global variable, so you must carefully use this, just use if ‘URGENT’

onclick event change url using jQuery

<script type="text/javascript" src="jquery-1.6.4.min.js"></script>
<script type='text/javascript'>
    $(document).ready(function() {
        $("input:button").click(function() {
            location.href = $("#urllist option:selected").val();
        });
    }); 

</script>

URL:
<select id='urllist'>
    <option value='http://www.google.com'>google</option>
    <option value='http://localhost'>localhost</option>
    <option
      value='http://forum.jquery.com/topic/onclick-event-change-url-using-jquery'
      selected>source</option>
</select>
    <input type="button" value="Go" />
</select>

onclick event change url using jQuery

Single Series FusionChart XML

<?php
include_once('database.php');
include_once('mysqlimproved.php');
include_once('FusionCharts_Plugin.php');

$q = "select KdKat as kode, short as nama from g3n_kategori";
$db = new MysqlImproved_Driver;
$db->connect();
$db->prepare($q);
$db->query();
$ar = $db->datashet();

// constructor
$fc = new FusionCharts('Pie3D', 400, 300, true);
//setting path
$fc->setSWFPath('./FC/');
// setting parameter
$fc->setChartParams("caption=Factory Sales;subCaption=Year 2007;bgColor=ffccff");

// add chart data
foreach($ar as $var=>$val){
    $fc->addChartData($val['kode'], "name=".$val['nama'].";color=ff0000;link=http://www.FusionCharts.com");
}

//change header
header('Content-type: text/xml');
// make it out
print $fc->getXML();

?>

contoh script JSON (JQuery Framework) AJAX PHP

ada 3 file yg di perlukan

- view.php
- load.php
- jquery.js


view.php: sebagai html view / melakukan pemanggilan post ajax

<script type="text/javascript" src="jquery-1.6.4.min.js"></script>
<script type='text/javascript'>
    $(document).ready(function(){
        $('#id_propinsi').change(
            function(){
                load_combobox_kabkota($(this).val());
            });
    });
    
    function  load_combobox_kabkota(val){
        $.post("./load.php", { 'kode' : val },
            function(data){
                var strbody = '';
                for(var i in data){
                    var nomor = i; nomor++;
                     strbody += "<option value='"+data[i].id+"'>";
                     strbody += data[i].kota+"</option>";
                }
                $('#id_kabkota').html(strbody);
            }, "json");
    }
</script>

Provinsi:
<select id='id_propinsi' name='div_propinsi'>
    <option value='31'>DKI Jakarta</option>
    <option value='32'>Jawa Barat</option>
</select>
<br />
Kab/Kota :
<select name='id_kabkota' id='id_kabkota'>
</select>

 


load.php: menerima nilai post, dan mengirim balik nilai array

<?php
$b = array
	(
		array('id'=>311, 'kota'=>'Jakarta Barat'),
		array('id'=>312, 'kota'=>'Jakarta Timur'),
		array('id'=>313, 'kota'=>'Jakarta Selatan'),
		array('id'=>314, 'kota'=>'Jakarta Utara'),
		array('id'=>315, 'kota'=>'Kep. Seribu')
	);

$b = array
	(
		array('id'=>321, 'kota'=>'Bogor'),
		array('id'=>322, 'kota'=>'Sukabumi'),
		array('id'=>323, 'kota'=>'Cianjur')
	);

$pilih = $_POST['kode'];

if($pilih == '31')
	echo json_encode($a);
else
	echo json_encode($b);
?>

 

Dynamic Invocation PHP: is_callable, call_user_func, call_user_func_array

melakukan pemanggilan dan pe-lambda-an / dynamic invocation kedalam fungsi kelas

contoh penggunaan lambda dari fungsi:


$lambda = rand(0,1) ? function() { echo "Heads!"; } :
function() { echo "Tails!"; };
$lambda(); // <= Dynamic Invocation!

sementara untuk is_callable adalah sebuah methode untuk menentukan apakah sebuah fungsi dapat dipanggil/dideklarasikan atau tidak


function heads() { echo "Heads function!"; }
$function = 'heads';
is_callable($function); // true

$lambda = function() { echo "Tails function!"; }
is_callable($lambda); // true

$asalAja = "loramIpsumSitAmet";
is_callable($asalAja); // false

sementara untuk fungsi didalam kelas kita tidak dapaat menggunakan is_callable


class Objects {
function methods($who, $what) {
echo "$who are Great $what!";
}
}

$callableArray = array(new Objects, 'methods');

if(is_callable($callableArray)) {
call_user_func($callableArray, "You", "Success");
call_user_func_array($callableArray, array("You", "Success"));
}

perintah call_user_func dan call_user_func_array berhasil dijalankan

membuat cd / dvd to iso ubuntu 10.10

membuat file iso dari cd atau dvd dengan menggunakan ubuntu

1. masukan cd/dvd ke drive (cd/dvd) rom

2. buka system monitor untuk melihat drive cd/dvd (System -> Administration -> System Monitor)

3. lihat drive cd room

4. berikan perintah, cat /dev/sr0 > nama.iso

Inheritance dan Interface OOP (PHP)

Perbedaan Interface dan Inheritance (PHP programing)
saat kita mendeklarasikan beberapa class anggaplah kelas propinsi, kotakabupaten, dan kecamatan
setiap kelas yang kita sebutkan diatas memiliki beberapa fungsi yang harus dideklarasikan
seperti fungsi input, update, delete
tetapi mungkin saja class kotakabupaten memiliki fungsi lain yaitu fungsi view_kabupaten_propinsi

maka si fungsi input, update, delete kita daftarkan dalam interface dan fungsi view_kabupaten_propinsi kita deklarasikan dalam class kotakabupaten

sementara setiap class yang ingin dibuat (propinsi, kotakabupaten, dan kecamatan) memiliki sebuah fungsi __construct yang sama untuk semua kelas ini maka kita dapat membuat menjadi seperti ini

# interface
class Regional {
    function input();
    function update();
    function delete();
}

# Inheritance
class Daerah {
    function __construct(){
        // ... code construct declare here
    }
}

# class using inheritance and interface
class Propinsi extends Daerah interface Regional {
    function input(){
        // declare code input for propinsi
    }
    function update(){
        // declare code update for propinsi
    }
    function delete(){
        // declare code delete for propinsi
    }
    
}

$p = new Propinsi();

 

class propinsi akan menggunakan fungsi __construct yang diturunkan dari class Daerah

sementara jika kelas kabupaten kota memiliki sebuah fungsi berbeda dari class yang lain yaitu view_kabupaten_propinsi kita dapat membuat nya menjadi

class Kabkota extends Daerah interface Regional {
    function input(){
        // declare code input for kabkota
    }
    function update(){
        // declare code update for kabkota
    }
    function delete(){
        // declare code delete for kabkota
    }
    // khusus untuk class Kabkota
    function view_kabupaten_propinsi(){
        // declare here
    }
}

dengan cara seperti ini kita telah mengurangi pengulangan penulisan fungsi yang identik
dan menjamin sebuah interface yang sama pada kelas2 yang dibuat

Grammar Cheat: Simple Present & Present Progressive

Simple Present and The Present Progressive
THE SIMPLE PRESENT
  1. Ann takes a shower every day.
  2. I usually read the news paper in the morning
  3. Babies cry. Birds fly

NEGATIVE

  • It doesn’t snow in Jakarta

QUESTION

  • Does the teacher speak slowly ?
The SIMPLE PRESENT expresses daily habit or usual activities, as in (1) and (2)The simple present expresses general statements of fact, as in (3)In sum, the simple present is used for event or situations that exist always, usually, or habitually in past, present and future


THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
  1. Ann can’t come to the phone right now because she is taking a shower
  2. I am reading my grammar book right now
  3. Jim and Susie are babies. They are crying. i can hear them right now. Maybe they are hungry.

NEGATIVE

  • It isn’t snowing right now.

QUESTION

  • Is the teacher speaking right now ?
 The PRESENT PROGRESSIVE expresses an activity that is in progress (is occuring, is happening) right now.The event is in progress at the time at speaker is saying the sentence.The event began in the past, is in progress now and will probably continue into the future.

FORM: am, is, are + -ing

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